Uni- and bilateral spectral loudness summation and binaural loudness summation with loudness matching and categorical loudness scaling

Modeling Temporal Effects of Spectral Loudness Summation

Recent studies have shown that spectral loudness summation depends on duration. Modifications of a current loudness model were investigated with respect to their ability to predict this effect. The original version of the model could not simulate the duration dependence of spectral loudness summation. To reconcile the model with the loudness data, three different mechanisms accentuating tempora...

Interaural correlation and the binaural summation of loudness.

The effect of interaural correlation (rho) on the loudness for noisebands was measured using a loudness-matching task in naive listeners. The task involved a sequence of loudness comparisons for which the intensity of one stimulus in a given comparison was varied using a one-up-one-down adaptive rule. The task provided an estimate of the level difference (in decibels) for which two stimulus con...

Loudness Determined by Power Summation

Quantification of binaural loudness summation by measuring simple reaction time

When listening to sounds in a natural environment, different sound pressure levels reach the two ears. They are nevertheless combined to result in a single ’binaural’ loudness. This phenomenon is called binaural loudness summation. In the laboratory it can be carried to an extreme by stimulating one ear only (monaural presentation) or both ears (binaural or diotic presentation) using headphones...

Loudness and Loudness Discrimination Revisited

We present evidence that the psychophysical function relating loudness to sound pressure is governed by a nonlinear gain control system, one of whose functions is to protect the sensory system from overload. Specifically, the loudness function is altered nonlinearly when loud sounds are added in an identification task previously containing only soft sounds but not vice